Contamination in cell culture remains one of the most persistent challenges in both research and large-scale bioprocessing. Whether in an academic lab or a GMP-compliant biopharmaceutical facility, contamination can lead to experimental failures, compromised production, and regulatory violations.

Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) is the foundation of quality assurance in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. It ensures that therapeutic products, including cell therapies and viral vectors like Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV), are produced under strict quality control to meet safety, purity, and efficacy standards.

Scalability is a fundamental challenge in bioprocessing, particularly in cell culture-based manufacturing. As the demand for advanced therapeutics, including cell and gene therapies, continues to grow, manufacturers must choose between two primary strategies for increasing production capacity: scale-up and scale-out.